The Origin of the 8 Hour Work Day and Why We Should Rethink It
One of the most unchanged elements of our life today is our optimal work time or how long we should work generally, every person I've spoken to quotes me something close to 8 hours a day.
And yet, for most of us it is obvious that knowing how long the average person works every day has little to do with how efficient or productive that pattern is. At least, that is what I personally found for my own productivity. So what's the right hourly rate?
With success stories from people working 4 hours a week, to 16 hours a day, it's hard to know if there is an optimal amount. So instead of going with my gut, which often fails me, I thought of looking into actual research on work time and how to optimize it for your happiness and success.
Why do we have 8 hour work days in the first place?
Let's start out with what we have right now. The typical work day is around 8 hours. But how did we come up with that? The answer is hidden in the tidings of the Industrial Revolution. In the late 18th century, when companies started to maximize the output of their factories, getting to running them 24/7 was the key. Now of course, to make things more efficient, people had to work more. In fact, 10-16 hour days were the norm.
These incredibly long work days weren't sustainable and soon a brave man called Robert Owen started a campaign to have people work no more than 8 hours per day. His slogan was "Eight hours labor, eight hours recreation, eight hours rest."
It wasn't until much later that Ford actually implemented the 8 hour work day and changed the standards:
One of the first businesses to implement this was the Ford Motor Company, in 1914, which not only cut the standard work day to eight hours, but also doubled their worker's pay in the process. To the shock of many industries, this resulted in Ford's productivity off of these same workers, but with fewer hours, actually increasing significantly and Ford's profit margins doubled within two years. This encouraged other companies to adopt the shorter, eight hour work day as a standard for their employees.
So there we have it. The reason we work 8 hours a day, isn't scientific or much thought out. It's purely a century old norm for running factories most efficiently.
Manage energy not time: How long we work isn't important & the Ultradian Rhythm
Without wanting to fall into the same trap, it's time to ask a better question. How many hours we work every day is barely important in today's creative economy.
Instead, the right focus is your energy, according to famous author Tony Schwartz:"Manage your energy, not your time."
Schwartz explains that as humans we have four different types of energies to manage every day:
• Your physical energy how healthy are you?
• Your emotional energy how happy are you?
• Your mental energy how well can you focus on something?
• Your spiritual energy why are you doing all of this? What is your purpose?
One of the things most of us easily forget is that as humans, we are distinctly different from machines. At the core, this means that machines move linearly and humans move cyclically.
For an efficient work day, that truly respects our human nature, the first thing to focus on is the ultradian cycles.
The basic understanding is that our human minds can focus on any given task for 90-120 minutes. Afterwards, a 20-30 minute break is required for us to get the renewal to achieve high performance for our next task again.
So instead of thinking about "What can I get done in an 8 hour day," I've started to change my thinking to "What can I get done in a 90 min session"
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Now that we know we got to split everything in 90 min chunks, it's time to break down those 90 minutes sessions further.
The core of a productive work day: Focus
The one most crucial to understanding our workflows is how well we can focus. In a stunning research project Justin Gardner found that to actually focus on something our brain uses a 2-step process:
1.) "Sensitivity enhancement": It means you see a scene or setup and take all the information in that is presented. Then you focus in on what needs your attention. Kind of like "a blurry photo that slowly starts to come into focus", describes Lifehacker.
2.) "Efficient selection": This is now the actual zooming in on a task happens. This allows us to enter into what Mihály Csíkszentmihályi calls “Flow” state. Now our actual work on a task happens.
The top 4 tips for improving your work day:
For my daily workflow at Buffer, I've started to make 4 distinct changes to implement the above research better. Here is what worked the best:
• Manually increase the relevance of a task: Now, a lot of us still might struggle to find the focus, especially if no one set a deadline to it. Overriding your attention system, and adding your own deadline together with a reward has shown some of the most significant improvements for task completion according to researcher Keisuke Fukuda.
• Split your day into 90 min windows: Here is something I've started to do. Instead of looking at a 8, 6 or 10 hour work day, split it down and say you've got 4, 5 or however many 90 minute windows. That way you will be able to have 4 tasks that you can get done every day much more easily.
• Plan your rest so you actually rest: "The fittest person is not the one who runs the fastest, but the one who has optimized their rest time." Says Tony Schwartz. A lot of the time, we are so busy planning our work day that we forget about "how" to rest. Plan beforehand what you will do your rest. Here are some ideas: Nap, read, meditate, get a snack.
• Zero notifications: One of the best ideas I've ever had was to follow Joel’s advice on Zero Notifications. Having absolutely no ｃounter on my phone or computer changing from 0 to 1 and always breaking my focus has been a huge help. If you haven't tried this yet, try to turn off every digital element that could become an alert.
Personally, my life has been pretty much turned upside down after implementing these findings over the past few weeks. And I couldn't be happier. I get both more done and feel happier at the same time.
Article Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/leonhard-widrich/the-origin-of-the-8-hour-_b_4524488.html
Image Source: http://cache.boston.com/bonzai-fba/Third_Party_Photo/2009/02/09/iStock_watching_clock_CROPPED__1234281102_1201.jpg
VOCABULARY WORDS:
1. Optimal (adj.) ~ the best or the most favorable
2. Renewal (n.) ~ the action of extending the validity
3. Distinct (adj.) ~ recognizably different in nature
4. Chunk (n.) ~ a piece of something
5. Override (v.) ~ use one’s authority to reject or cancel
QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION:
1. How many hours do you work in a day? Is that the minimum working hours or is it with extension/ overtime?
2. According to the article, when did the 8-hour work day start and why?
3. “Manage energy not time.” Do you agree or disagree? Discuss your answer.
4. How often do you take breaks in a day? How helpful are these breaks in your focus and job productivity?
