What You Need to Know about Ebola
The 2014 Ebola epidemic is the largest in history. The outbreak is affecting multiple countries in West Africa and CDC has confirmed the first travel-associated case of Ebola to be diagnosed in the United States. About half the people who have gotten Ebola in this outbreak have died.
Although the risk of Ebola spreading in the United States is very low, CDC and its partners are taking actions to prevent this from happening.
A person infected with Ebola can’t spread the disease until symptoms appear.
The time from exposure to when signs or symptoms of the disease appear (the incubation period) is 2 to 21 days, but the average time is 8 to 10 days. Signs of Ebola include fever (higher than 101.5°F) and symptoms like severe headache, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, or unexplained bleeding or bruising.
Ebola is spread through direct contact with blood and body fluids.
Ebola is spread through direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with
• Blood and body fluids (like urine, feces, saliva, vomit, sweat, and semen) of a person who is sick with Ebola.
• Objects (like needles) that have been contaminated with the blood or body fluids of a person sick with Ebola.
IMPORTANT: Ebola is NOT spread through air, water, or food.
Protect yourself against Ebola
There is no FDA-approved vaccine available for Ebola. Experimental vaccines and treatments for Ebola are under development, but they have not yet been fully tested for safety or effectiveness.
To protect yourself from Ebola
• DO wash your hands often with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
• Do NOT touch the blood or body fluids (like urine, feces, saliva, vomit, sweat, and semen) of people who are sick.
• Do NOT handle items that may have come in contact with a sick person’s blood or body fluids, like clothes, bedding, needles, or medical equipment.
• Do NOT touch the body of someone who has died of Ebola.
What to do if you are exposed to Ebola
If you have traveled to an area with an Ebola outbreak or had close contact with a person sick with Ebola, you may be at risk if you
• Had direct contact with blood or body fluids or items that came into contact with blood or body fluids from a person with Ebola.
• Touched bats or nonhuman primates (like apes or monkeys) or blood, fluids, or raw meat prepared from these animals.
• Went into hospitals where Ebola patients were being treated and had close contact with the patients.
• Touched the body of a person who died of Ebola. You should check for signs and symptoms of Ebola for 21 days
• Take your temperature every morning and evening.
• Watch for other Ebola symptoms, like severe headache, muscle pain, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, or unexplained bleeding or bruising.
• Call your doctor even if you do not have symptoms. The doctor can evaluate your exposure level and any symptoms and consult with public health authorities to determine if actions are needed.
During the time that you are watching for signs and symptoms, you can continue your normal activities, including going to work. If you get sick after you come back from an area with an Ebola outbreak
• Get medical care right away if you have a fever (higher than 101.5°F), severe headache, muscle pain, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, or unexplained bruising or bleeding.
• Tell your doctor about your recent travel to West Africa or contact with a person who was sick with Ebola and your symptoms BEFORE you go to the doctor’s office or emergency room. Calling before you go to your doctor’s office or emergency room will help the doctor or emergency room care for you and protect other people who may be in the office or emergency room.
Source: http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/pdf/what-need-to-know-ebola.pdf
Image: http://www.ttcmobile.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/virus-alert-ebola-breed-731x300.jpg
Vocabulary:
1. epidemic (noun)- the occurrence of more cases of a disease than would be expected in a community or region during a given time period.
2. outbreak (noun) - the sudden or violent start of something unwelcome, such as war, disease, etc
3. incubation – (noun) the time from the moment of exposure to an infectious agent until signs and symptoms of the disease appear
4. vaccine – (noun) any preparation used as a preventive inoculation to confer immunity against a specific disease
5. feces – (noun) waste matter discharged from the intestines through the anus; excrement
6. primates – (noun ) any mammal of the group that includes the lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans.
COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is the incubation period of the Ebola virus?
2. How is Ebola virus spread?
3. How many times should you take your temperature in a day if you suspect Ebola virus contamination?
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. How did you first hear of the Ebola virus? (Television, work memo, hospital advisory, etc)
2. When you hear about the Ebola virus on the news, do you get alarmed or worry for your safety?
3. Not only in the case of Ebola, how do you prepare for virus outbreaks like SARS, AVIAN Flu, etc.?
